Background
Heinrich Georg Barkhausen was born on December 2, 1881, in Bremen, Germany, the son of a district judge.
Heinrich Georg Barkhausen, German physicist.
the University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
Barkhausen received the doctorate from the University of Göttingen in 1907 with the dissertation “The Problem of the Generation of Oscillations.”
Heinrich Georg Barkhausen (2 December 1881 – 20 February 1956), born at Bremen, was a German physicist.
Heinrich Georg Barkhausen, German physicist.
Heinrich Georg Barkhausen, German physicist.
Heinrich Barkhausen during the lecture.
1920
The Barkhausen-Kurz oscillator, the first vacuum tube electronic oscillator to use electron transit-time effects.
Heinrich Georg Barkhausen (2 December 1881 – 20 February 1956), born at Bremen, was a German physicist.
Heinrich Georg Barkhausen, German physicist.
Heinrich Georg Barkhausen, German physicist.
the University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
Barkhausen received the doctorate from the University of Göttingen in 1907 with the dissertation “The Problem of the Generation of Oscillations.”
Heinrich Barkhausen during the lecture.
https://www.amazon.com/Schwingungserzeugung-Besonderer-Ber%C3%BCcksichtigung-Elektrischer-Schwingungen/dp/B009JDFYRS/?tag=2022091-20
1907
1920
Heinrich Georg Barkhausen was born on December 2, 1881, in Bremen, Germany, the son of a district judge.
Barkhausen attended the Gymnasium in Bremen and then spent half a year as an engineering trainee in a railway maintenance depot before entering engineering college at Bremen. He soon turned to physics and attended the Technical University of Munich (1901), TU Berlin (1902) and University of Munich (1903) and Berlin before obtaining a doctorate at the University of Göttingen.
At Gottingen he became an assistant in the Institute of Applied Electricity and received the doctorate in 1907 with the dissertation “The Problem of the Generation of Oscillations.” His work attracted a good deal of attention in technical circles and led to his employment as a research worker in the Siemens & Halske laboratories in Berlin.
Heinrich Barkhausen became Professor for Electrical Engineering at the Technische Hochschule Dresden in 1911 at the age of 29, thus obtaining the world's first chair in this discipline. He discovered in 1919 an effect named after him, the Barkhausen effect, which provided evidence for the magnetic domain theory of ferromagnetism.
When the magnetic field through a piece of ferromagnetic material like iron is changing, the magnetization of the material changes in a series of tiny discontinuous jumps, which can be heard as a series of clicks in a loudspeaker attached to a coil of wire around the iron. It was later determined that these jumps were caused by the movement of the magnetic domains in the iron, as the domain walls snap past defects in the crystal lattice. The energy lost in these dissipative events is responsible for the shape of the hysteresis curve of iron and other ferromagnets.
This effect is widely used in research, and physics education as a simple experiment to demonstrate the reality of magnetic domains. In 1920 with K. Kurz he invented the Barkhausen-Kurz oscillator, the first vacuum tube electronic oscillator to use electron transit-time effects. It was the first vacuum tube oscillator that could operate at ultrahigh frequency, up to 300 MHz, and inspired later microwave transit-time tubes such as the klystron.
In 1921 he derived the first mathematical conditions for oscillation in electrical circuits, now called the Barkhausen stability criterion. It is widely used today in the design of electronic oscillators, and general feedback amplifier circuits.
After World War II, Barkhausen returned from West Germany to his beloved Dresden. He participated in the reconstruction of the Barkhausen’s Institute of High-Frequency and Electron-Tube Technology, which had survived most of the war unscathed, but was destroyed by bombing on 13 February 1945. He remained in Dresden until his death.
Barkhausen greatly influenced the development of the new field both scientifically and pedagogically. He made early, basic contributions to the theories of nonlinear switching elements and of spontaneous oscillation, and he formulated the still-used electron-tube coefficients and the equations relating them. Barkhausen wrote a four-volume text on electron tubes and their technological applications that remained the standard work for many years. He also contributed to acoustics and to magnetism. In acoustics, the method of subjective measurement of loudness and the use of the phone as a unit of loudness were first proposed by Barkhausen.
In magnetism, he discovered by acoustical methods the discontinuities that occur as a ferromagnetic material is magnetized; this observation, known as the Barkhausen effect, played a part in the further elucidation of the discrete nature of magnetism by the domain theory.
Among engineers he is best known for the Barkhausen-Kurz oscillator (developed in 1920 with his collaborator Karl Kurz), an electron tube capable of continuous-wave oscillation at ultrahigh frequencies, which was the forerunner of a whole series of microwave tubes and contributed to the understanding of their underlying principle, velocity modulation.
Barkhausen was renowned throughout the world. He received many honors in Germany and abroad, especially from Japan and the United States; he was awarded the Morris Liebmann Memorial Prize for 1933 by the Institute of Radio Engineers, of which he was vice-president in 1935. Dresden’s excellence as a center of electronics research was in large measure due to Barkhausen; the influence he exercised through his works and his students came to be felt all over the world.
The Barkhausen-Kurz oscillator (developed in 1920 with his collaborator Karl Kurz), an electron tube capable of continuous-wave oscillation at ultrahigh frequencies, which was the forerunner of a whole series of microwave tubes and contributed to the understanding of their underlying principle, velocity modulation.
1920Barkhausen demonstrated his loyalty to the Nazi Germany regime by signing the Loyalty Oath of German Professors to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist State in 1933.
Barkhausen was a member of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin and the Saxonian Academy of Sciences.
In 1920 Barkhausen developed, with Karl Kurz, the Barkhausen-Kurz oscillator for ultrahigh frequencies (a forerunner of the microwave tube), which led to the understanding of the principle of velocity modulation. He is also known for experiments on shortwave radio transmissions.
