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Half A Century, Volume 3; History Of Women; Library Of American Civilization; Everyday Life And Women In America, C1800-1920: Rare Books; Black Culture Collection; Slavery And Anti-slavery: A Transnational Archive; Volume 212 Of Kentucky Culture Series; Volume 12052 Of Project Gutenberg; Issue 187 Of Woman's Rights; Half A Century; Jane Grey Cannon Swisshelm
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Jane Grey Cannon Swisshelm
Jansen, McClurg, 1880
Social Science; Slavery; Antislavery movements; Feminists; Frontier and pioneer life; Saint Cloud (Minn.); Slavery; Slavery in the United States; Social Science / Slavery; United States; Women; Women abolitionists; Women newspaper editors; Women's rights
Crusader And Feminist: Letters Of Jane Grey Swisshelm 1858-1865
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Jane Grey Cannon Swisshelm was an American journalist, publisher, abolitionist, and women's rights advocate. She is noted for being the founder of the newspaper Saturday Visiter in 1847 and for launching her final newspaper, the Reconstructionist, right after the war. She is also distinguished for her publications supporting women’s rights and decrying slavery.
Background
Jane Grey Cannon Swisshelm was born on December 6, 1815, and was the daughter of Thomas and Mary (Scott) Cannon, Scotch-Irish Covenanters of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Her father was a merchant and real estate speculator. She spent her youth in the new settlement of Wilkinsburg, to which her parents removed soon after she was born. In 1823, when Jane was eight years of age, both her sister Mary and her father died of consumption, leaving the family in straitened circumstances.
Education
At the age of three Jane Swisshelm began attending school; by the time she was ten she was aiding her widowed mother in earning a living; at fourteen she became active in the antislavery cause; before her fifteenth birthday she took charge of the only school in the village.
Career
After six years of teaching Jane Swisshelm married, James Swisshelm, a young farmer of the neighborhood. In 1838 Jane Swisshelm accompanied him to Louisville, Kentucky, where he attempted, unsuccessfully, to establish a business, and she earned what she could as seamstress and teacher. Her hatred of slavery became an absorbing passion during this sojourn. Returning to Pennsylvania, she took charge of a seminary at Butler in 1840, and began to use her pen in defense of the rights of married women. Two years later she rejoined her husband on a farm, which she named Swissvale, near Pittsburgh.
In the midst of domestic duties she continued to write, supplying stories and verses to the Dollar Newspaper and to Neal's Saturday Gazette. At the same time she contributed to the Spirit of Liberty, the Pittsburgh Gazette, and to the Daily Commercial Journal racy, vehemently written articles on abolition and the property rights of women.
In 1847 she used a legacy from her mother to establish the Pittsburgh Saturday Visiter (sic), a political and literary weekly, advocating abolition, temperance, and woman's suffrage, the first number of which appeared on December 20. She edited this paper with such spirited audacity that she became widely known for her powers of denunciation.
"Beware of sister Jane, " contemporary editors said to each other. Most notable among her attacks was one that she published in 1850 upon Daniel Webster's private life. This, she loved to believe, ruined his chances for becoming president.
In 1853 she published a volume called Letters to Country Girls, compiled from articles in the Visiter. In 1857 she sold her paper, separated permanently from her husband--who secured a divorce from her on the ground of desertion a few years later--and, accompanied by her only child, took up her residence in Minnesota. The following year she began the St. Cloud Visiter. A libel suit ended this publication in a few months.
During this time she lectured frequently throughout the state on political subjects. In the midst of the Civil War she went to Washington, D. C. , and while doing clerical work in a government office and assisting in a war hospital contributed to the New York Tribune and to the St. Cloud Democrat.
During this period she became a warm personal friend of Mrs. Lincoln. In the course of Andrew Johnson's administration she started a radical paper called the Reconstructionist. In this she attacked the President with such violence that in 1866 he dismissed her from the government service. Returning to Swissvale, she made that place her home for the rest of her life.
In 1880 she published Half a Century, an entertaining account of her life to the year 1865. Her extreme individualism made her a free lance in all her undertakings.
Swisshelm died in 1884 at her Swissvale home and is buried in Allegheny Cemetery.
Achievements
Jane Swisshelm was active as a writer in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and as a publisher and editor in St. Cloud, Minnesota, where she founded a string of newspapers and regularly wrote for them. She at once established the St. Cloud Democrat, a Republican paper, which she conducted in her usual intrepid, intensely personal manner until 1863.
While working for the federal government in Washington, D. C. , during the administration of President Andrew Johnson, Swisshelm founded her last newspaper, Reconstructionist. Her memoirs, Half a Century, were published in 1880.
The city of Pittsburgh neighborhood of Swisshelm Park, adjacent to Swissvale, is named in her honor.
In her political affiliation Jane Swisshelm was a Republican, so after Abraham Lincoln's nomination for the presidency Swisshelm spoke and wrote in his behalf.
Views
Jane Swisshelm never worked happily in reform organizations, preferring always to forge her own thunderbolts. Her firm convictions, her powers of sarcasm, her stinging yet often humorous invective, and her homely, vigorous style made her a trenchant journalist.
Swisshelm wrote many editorials advocating women's property rights. She was an ardent abolitionist who countered vocal and sometimes physical opposition to her publications supporting women’s rights and decrying slavery. Swisshelm urged women not to make unreasonable demands lest their entire movement be rejected. She further distinguished herself by insisting that women’s rights and abolitionism be dealt with separately.
Connections
After six years of teaching she married, November 18, 1836, James Swisshelm, a young farmer of the neighborhood.
Father:
Thomas Cannon
Mother:
Mary (Scott) Cannon
Sister:
Mary Cannon
husband:
James Swisshelm
Friend:
Edwin M. Stanton
She toured major cities to raise public opinion about this issue and, while in Washington, D.C., met with Edwin M. Stanton, a friend from Pittsburgh and then Secretary of War.