Background
Hernández, whose ancestry was Spanish, was born on November 10, 1834 on a farm near San Martín (Buenos Aires Province). His father was a butler or foreman of a series of cattle ranches.
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.
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(The Martin Fierro, the classic argentine poem, has been t...)
The Martin Fierro, the classic argentine poem, has been the subject of studies and discussions ever since the issuing of its first part edition -el gaucho Martin Fierro- in 1873, and there have been many ensuing editions, including some still available, to prove it. This new edition of both parts aims to render a balanced startpoint to the study of the literary piece. This edition is based on the original texts: El gaucho Martín Fierro Imprenta de La Pampa, 1872, and La vuelta de Martín Fierro Librería del Plata, 1879, and includes no less than 535 lexicographic notes, conveniently placed at the bottom of the pages and intended to help the modern reader grasp the exact meaning of the text without obtrusive lengthy interruptions. The notes were made by comparing the critical editions by Eleuterio F. Tiscornia, Ed. Losada, Buenos Aires, 1941; by Carlos Alberto Leumann, Ed. Angel de Estrada, Buenos Aires, 1945; and by Santiago M. Lugones, Ed. Centurión, Buenos Aires, 1948; their own notes compared between them and with the critical edition by Elida Lois and Angel Nuñez, Ed. ALLCA XX (Association Archives de la Littérature Latinoaméricaine, des Caraïbes et Africaine du XX Siècle), Paris 2001; with the notes by Leopoldo Lugones in El payador, Ed. Centurión, Bs. As. 1948 (and Stockcero 2004), those of Francisco Castro in Vocabulario y frases del Martín Fierro, Ed. Kraft, Bs. As. 1950, and those of Domingo Bravo in El Quichua en el Martín Fierro y Don Segundo Sombra, Ed. Instituto Amigos del Libro Argentino, Bs. As. 1968.
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(El gaucho Martín Fierro es un poema narrativo argentino, ...)
El gaucho Martín Fierro es un poema narrativo argentino, escrito en verso por José Hernández en 1872, obra literaria considerada ejemplar del género gauchesco en Argentina, Uruguay y Río Grande del Sur (estado más meridional de Brasil). Debido a que tiene una continuación, La vuelta de Martín Fierro, escrita en 1879, este libro es también conocido como «La Ida». Ambos libros han sido considerados como libro nacional de la Argentina, bajo el título genérico de «El Martín Fierro». En «La Ida», Martín Fierro es un gaucho trabajador al que la injusticia social lo vuelve gaucho matrero (fuera de la ley). Narra el carácter independiente, heroico y sacrificado del gaucho. El poema es, en parte, una protesta en contra de la política del presidente argentino Domingo Faustino Sarmiento de reclutar forzosamente a los gauchos para ir a la frontera contra los indígenas.
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(This collection of literature attempts to compile many of...)
This collection of literature attempts to compile many of the classic, timeless works that have stood the test of time and offer them at a reduced, affordable price, in an attractive volume so that everyone can enjoy them.
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(Esta edición del clásico de la poesía épica argentina inc...)
Esta edición del clásico de la poesía épica argentina incluye El Gaucho Martín Fierro, La vuelta de Martín Fierro, otras poesías de Martín Fierro, y otros ensayos, cartas y críticas relativas al Martín Fierro. Casi cada capítulo de Martín Fierro y La vuelta de Martín Fierro incluye al menos una ilustración. El menú principal tiene links a los diferentes libros y capítulos para facilitar la navegación. Los poemas y los materiales extras incluyen la ortografía original.
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Hernández, whose ancestry was Spanish, was born on November 10, 1834 on a farm near San Martín (Buenos Aires Province). His father was a butler or foreman of a series of cattle ranches.
His family was engaged in cattle raising, and various difficulties prevented him from obtaining any sort of formal education.
Political events of the mid-19th century in Argentina-most directly the civil wars then being fought-dictated his being sent to live with relatives in Brazil. He eventually returned to Argentina and came to know and sympathize with the life and tribulations of the gauchos of the plains, who were frequently little more than pawns in the raging struggles for political dominance in the young nation.
By 1863 Hernández had settled in Buenos Aires and, after experimenting with several professions, had secured a job as a journalist with the paper El Argentino. Six years later he founded the newspaper Río de la Plata, but it was soon shut down by order of his political adversary, the celebrated Argentine author Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, who was then serving as the nation's president.
During these difficult years Hernández not only had formed strong sympathies for the gauchos' cause but had also developed profound scorn for those Europeanized fellow countrymen who viewed the gaucho as a subject unworthy of serious literary treatment and believed he could serve only as the model for quaint and picturesque caricatures.
"Martín Fierro" Encouraged by a friend to write a "fundamental" gaucho poem, Hernández began composing in his Buenos Aires hotel room the verses of the first part of the long epic poem he would entitle Martín Fierro. In the 2, 325 lines of the poem, which first saw print in 1872, he succeeded in capturing the authentic speech of the gaucho and in fashioning with his dominant sestinas and quatrains an eloquent attack on the social and political attitudes he opposed.
At the outset of the epic, the gaucho Martín Fierro announces that he will sing the song of his sorrows and with that song and the accompaniment of his guitar will seek consolation. There is an acute tone of social protest in Fierro's account of how the good old days had changed and how the government had come to abuse and cheat the gauchos it recruited for the Indian wars.
Fierro becomes an outlaw, unites with a fellow gaucho, Cruz, and eventually goes off to live with the Indians, thus rejecting the society of civilized man.
The success of the first part of Martín Fierro was resounding. It was read in the cities and recited and enjoyed by the gauchos themselves on their ranches and around the country store-taverns, where they gathered for diversion.
The second part, La vuelta de Martin Fierro (1879), is twice the length of the original poem and recounts Fierro's return to civilization, his search for his lost wife and sons, and further injustices perpetrated by the government. In the end, Fierro rides off aimlessly, with no future, but once more embracing society.
Under a new administration Hernández became a senator, serving in the Congress in Buenos Aires. He held this office until his death, which occurred on October 21, 1886, as the result of a heart attack. He was buried in La Recoleta Cemetery in Buenos Aires.
(The Martin Fierro, the classic argentine poem, has been t...)
(El gaucho Martín Fierro es un poema narrativo argentino, ...)
(This collection of literature attempts to compile many of...)
(Esta edición del clásico de la poesía épica argentina inc...)
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
(Book by Jose Hernandez)
He opposed immigration, because he believed it undermined the pastoral foundation of the region's wealth. He envisioned a federal republic based in pastoralism, but also featuring a strong system of education and a literate population.
Although a federalist opposed to the centralizing, modernizing, and Europeanizing tendencies of Argentine president Domingo Sarmiento, Hernández was no apologist for General Juan Manuel de Rosas, whom he characterized as a tyrant and a despot.