Background
Velasco was born on July 6, 1840, in Temascalcingo, Mexico, into a family of shawl weavers. When his father suddenly died in 1846, his mother moved the family to Mexico City.
Mexico City, Mexico
In 1875 Velasco succeeded Eugenio Landesio, who taught at the Academia de San Carlos between 1855 and 1873, and remained on the staff for the rest of his life.
Carrer de Sant Pius V, 9, 46010 València, Spain
In 1855 Velasco started his studies at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos de Valencia.
Velasco was born on July 6, 1840, in Temascalcingo, Mexico, into a family of shawl weavers. When his father suddenly died in 1846, his mother moved the family to Mexico City.
At a young age, José María Velasco had to support himself, working at a clothing store. He simultaneously worked and studied, attending the Colegio Lancasteriano of Santa Catarina Martir. At this school, Velasco realized his skill for drawing.
In 1855 he started his studies at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos de Valencia. Velasco mainly studied at night, passionate about his art courses. José Velasco studied under the guidance of Miguel Mata, Filipe Sojo as well as Juan Urruchi. In addition, Velasco was strongly influenced by well-known Italian and Catalan instructors at the Academy, particularly by Landesio.
In 1868 Velasco became a professor of perspective painting. The following years, he established himself as a master painter. The artist executed the first of several large canvases titled Valley of Mexico, his most famous works, in the year 1873. In 1875 he succeeded Eugenio Landesio, who taught at the Academia de San Carlos between 1855 and 1873, and remained on the staff for the rest of his life.
Although José Velasco created his paintings elsewhere in the country (Oaxaca, Veracruz) and produced different views of buildings, self-portraits, as well as portraits, the broad vistas and the clear light of central Mexico were Velasco's most favorite subjects. In The Bridge of Metlac (1881) he celebrated the modernity of the age of Porfirio Díaz by depicting a train moving through a tropical landscape.
Although Velasco traveled to international exhibitions, his personal style was scarcely affected by these contacts. Velasco had a strong scientific bent, and he produced a lot of drawings and paintings of plants, animals, and archaeological objects as well as sites for scientific institutions and publications, and thorough studies of rocks and vegetation. In 1879, Velasco described a new species of Ambystoma found in the Santa Isabel lake, north of Mexico City, and published his observations in the Mexican scientific journal La Naturaleza. The new species was named Siredon Tigrina. In 1888 Alfredo Dugès renamed the species and dedicated it to Velasco as Ambystoma velasci.
In 1889 Velasco was commissioned by the Governor of Mexico to display his works at the Universal Exposition of Paris. José Velasco exhibited seventeen of his own oil paintings at the 1893 World Fair in Chicago.
After suffering a heart attack, José Velasco painted almost exclusively in his house in the Village of Guadalupe Hidalgo. He continued to paint until the end of his life.
José Velasco was both one of the foremost and internationally renowned artists of the time. Velasco's painting El valle de México is considered his masterpiece. Of all the nineteenth-century painters, Velasco was the "first to be elevated in the post-Revolutionary period as an exemplar of nationalism."
He received many distinctions, including the gold medal of the Mexican National Expositions of Bellas Artes in 1874 and 1876; the gold medal of the Philadelphia International Exposition in 1876; and the medal of the Paris Universal Exposition in 1889. The José María Velasco Museum was opened in 1992 in Toluca City.
One of his landscapes of the Valley of Mexico is now in the Vatican Museum, a gift to Pope Leo XIII. Today the Government of the State of Mexico presents an award for artistic merit in his name to painters born in that state. Among the most outstanding winners are Luis Nishizawa, Leopoldo Flores, Ignacio Barrios and Héctor Cruz.
El Popocatépetl y el Iztaccíhuatl desde el lago de Chalco
Fresnos, sauces y chopos
Valle de México tomado en las lomas de Tacubaya
San Sebastián Chimalistac
Autoretrato
Retrato de Juan Sánchez Armas
Valle de México desde el cerro de Santa Isabel
Pirámides del Sol y de la Luna
Vista de los volcanes
Vista de Guelatao
Pirúes del Tepeyac
El Cabrío de San Ángel
Puente rústico en el río San Ángel
Valle de México desde el cerro de Tepeyac
Puente de la Barranca del Muerto
Valle de México desde el Tapeyac
Valle de México desde el cerro de Tenayo
Escena del periodo Cuaternario Paleolítico Inferior
Lumen en coelo
Estudio de nopal
Patio del ex convento de San Augusín
Peñascos del cerro de Atzacoalco
Valle de México desde el cerro de Tepeyac
Barranca del Agua Santa
Valle de México desde el cerro de Tepeyac
Cantera del cerro de los Gachupines o Atzacoalco
Vista de la fárica de hilados La Carolina
Pórfidos del Tepeyac
El Calvario
Hojas de Mafafa
Valle de México tomado en las lomas de Tacubaya
Vista de Tlaxcala
Hacienda de Chimalpa
Vista de Carbonera
Gran cometa de 1882
El Popocatépetl y el Iztaccíhuatl
Baño de Nezahualcoyotl
Autoretrato
Pirámide del Sol
El Calvario
Camino a Chalco con los volcanes
Cañada de Metlac
Autoretrato
Sauces llorones
Bahia de la Habana
Valle de México desde el Molino del Rey
Tamascalcingo
Mar Atlántico
Estudio para cacería
Estudio de nubes
Templo de San Bernardo
Camino a Chalco con los volcanes
Peñascos del cerro de Atzacoalco
Chapultepec
Estudio de nubes
Volcán de Orizaba desde la Hacienda de San Miguelito
Autoretrato
Estudio de los vocanes
Patio del ex convento de San Augustin
Uno de los grandes Ahuehuetes
Vistas del Valle de México
Valle de México tomado rumbo de la Villa de Guadalupe
El río de Tacubaya
Cocina rústica en el Peñon de los Baños
Árbol caído
Valle de México tomado en las lomas de Tacubaya
Autoretrato
Peñascos del cerro de Atzacoalco
Estudio de árboles
Catedral de Oaxaca
Flora y fauna del periodo Cuaternario Plio-Pleistoceno
Autoretrato
Arroyo de Tlaxcala
Valle de México desde el Tapeyac
Vista tomada en la Alameda de México por el lado de San Diego
El Popocatépetl y el Iztaccíhuatl
Valle de México desde el cerro de Santa Isabel
Lumen en coelo
Lumen en coelo
Peñascos del cerro de Atzacoalco
Vista de la montaña del Ajusco y pueblo de San Ángel, desde la Barranca del Muerto
El cabrio de San Ángel
Cañada de la Magdalena
Macetón del Baño de los Pescaditos
Estudio de nubes
Vista de Guelatao
Volcán de Orizaba
Uno de los grandes Ahuehuetes
Valle de México con la calzada de los Misterios
Vista de Guelatao
Paisaje con montañas
La puesta del sol
Valle de México tomado desde el cerro de Chapultepec
Cardón
Valle de México desde el Tepeyac
Ahuehuetes de Chapultepec
Ladera occidental del cerro de Guerrero
Baño de los Pescaditos
Temascalcingo
Árbol de la Noche Triste
Los volcanes Popocatépetl e Iztaccíhuatl a la puesta del sol
Popocatépetl e Iztaccihuatl
Valle de México desde el Tepeyac
Bosque de Pacho
Vista de la fárica de hilados La Carolina
Peñascos del cerro de Atzacoalco
Valle de México desde el cerro de Tepeyac
Barrance del Muerto
Valle de México desde el cerro de Santa Isabel
Peñascos de la Peña Encantada
Estudio de perones
Ahuehuetes de Chapultepec
Río de San Ángel
Tizapán y cordillera de la cañada de la Magdalena
Valle de México desde el cerro de Tepeyac
Hacienda de Coapa y los volcanes
Árboles del pirú del Tepeyac
Valle de México tomado en las lomas de Tacubaya
Vista de los volcanes desde Tacubaya
Bosque de Pacho
Pirú
Cascada de Tuxpango
Camino a Chalco con los vocanes
Vista de la cascada de Juanacatlán
Vista de Valle de México desde el río de los Morales
Arroyo de Tlaxcala
Vista de Mitla
Estudio de cascada
Valle de México
Popocatépetl e Iztaccihuatl
Escena del periodo Cuaternario Paleolítico Superior
Valle de México desde las lomas de Tacubaya
Valle de México desde el Molino del Rey
Barranca del Agua Santa
Vista de la ciudad de Tlaxcala
Pórfidos del cerro de los Gachupines
Valle de México desde el cerro de Tepeyac
Valle de México desde el Tepeyac
Rocas del Tepeyac
Barranca
Baño de Nezahualcoyotl
Popocatépetl e Iztaccihuatl
Vista de la ciudad y valle grande de Oaxaca
Valle de México desde el río de los Morales
Volcanes del Valle de México
Ahuehuete de la Noche Triste
El cardón
Ladera de las Montañas de Tepotzotlán
Cascada de Rincón Grande
Rocas con borreguitos
Valle de México desde el cerro de Atzacoalco
Plátano
Vertiente en el río
In 1868 Velasco married Luz Sanchez Armas Galindo.