Background
He was born in Hangchow, Chekiang, China in 1884.
He was born in Hangchow, Chekiang, China in 1884.
Ju-lun Ma received his education under private tutors.
Ju-lun Ma worked as an editor of the New World, Shanghai, China in 1902, secretary to the Tutu (Military Governor) of Chekiang and director of the Bureau of Printing and Engraving in 1912. Also he was professor in Peking Government University in 1913, then left Peking during the monarchical attempt of Yuan Shih-kai and joined the independence movement in Chekiang and rejoined the Peking University after the death of Yuan Shih-kai. Mr. Ma worked as secretary to the Faculty Association at Peking during the May 4 Student Movement of 1919 and was closely connected with all revolutionary organizations formed by Peking students.
In 1923 he was appointed chief of the publicity department of the Kuomintang office in Peking and made several attempts at revolution when Tsao Kum was President. Upon the deposition of Tsao Kun in 1924 he again became vice-Minister of Education and acting Minister under the Chief Executive Tuan Chi-jui. Later Ju-lun Ma became director of the Civil Affairs Bureau and then was appointed a councilor of the National Government in 1928 and in the winter of the same year was appointed vice-Minister of Education.
In 1923 Mr. Ma was appointed chief of the publicity department of the Kuomintang office in Peking and made several attempts at revolution when Tsao Kum was President. Upon the deposition of Tsao Kun in 1924 he again became vice-Minister of Education and acting Minister under the Chief Executive Tuan Chi-jui. Then he was forced to flee from Peking in 1926 because of his agitation against the March 18 student massacre and went to Chekiang where he conspired with Governor Hsia Chao who sent him to Canton as personal representative to interview the Canton Government leaders. As a result Hsia was appointed commander of the 18th Nationalist Army Corps. Ju-lun Ma was appointed a member of the Chekiang Political Council and a member of the Chekiang Administrative Committee in 1927 and was later director of the Civil Affairs Bureau. Then he was appointed a councilor of the National Government in 1928 and in the winter of the same year was appointed vice-Minister of Education. Mr. Ma worked as a professor at the National Peking University and wrote many books dealing with Chinese literature and etymology.