Party work in Moscow, Saint St. Petersburg and other Russian cities. Several times arrested. 1916-1917 member. Executive Commission, Petrograd Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks) Committee.
After 1917 February Revol member, Petrograd Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks) Committee. Member, Executive Committee, Petrograd Soviet. Deputy, Vyborg Rayon Duma.
October 1917 agitator, Petrograd Military Revol Committee. After 1917 October Revol exec military-political, dipl, economics and government work.
Religion is a tool used by the ruling classes for the masses to relieve their suffering via the act of experiencing religious emotions.
All policy decisions should be made in the light of the continued, permanent development of the theory of Marxism–Leninism.
Communist Party member from 1902.