Mikhail Ivanovich Venyukov

June 23, 1832 (age 69)

Korablino, Ryazan', Russian Federation

In early May 1857, lieutenant Mikhail Ivanovich as a senior adjutant arrived at the headquarters of the troops of Eastern Siberia. Governor-General N.N. Muraviev invited Mikhail Ivanovich to go with him to the Amur. He was tasked with urgent work on compiling topographic maps and analyzing military statistics to fully assess the political situation in the Far East with a view to its further settlement. The Governor-General needed this data for a personal report in Petersburg. In February 1858, Mikhail Ivanovich began to prepare for his first expedition: through Ussuri and the Sikhote-Alin to the ocean. And on June 1, 1858, he and his companions - the military unit commander Peshkov, the translator Maslennikov, the sergeant-officer Karmanov, the orderly and the eleven Cossacks, began their journey from Kazakevichevo, which was located next to the recently founded Khabarovka. The 26-year-old officer walked more than 700 km from the estuary of the Ussuri to the pass through the Sikhote-Alin. Having reached the sea, Mikhail Ivanovich intended to continue his journey to the Vladimir post, but he had to return along his previous route because the Chinese living near the estuary of the Zerkalnaya River (formerly known as Tadushu) had with threats blocked the way of the expedition. During the trip, he wrote an expeditionary report Description of the Ussuri River and the Lands East of It to the Sea. The report gave the physical geography of the newly discovered region, presented the life of its extremely rare population and possible prospects for settlement and development. Personal circumstances forced Mikhail Ivanovich to leave Siberia. In March 1859, he spoke in Saint Petersburg at the Russian Geographical Society with a report on his trip to Ussuri. The presented information was highly acclaimed by the audience and in particular by the vice-president of the P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky Society. All his further work was devoted to travel with scientific purposes. In the years 1857-1863, Mikhail Ivanovich traveled to Amur, Ussuri, Transbaikalia, Issyk-Kul, and Tien-Shan (1857-1859), Altai (1859-1861) and the Caucasus (1861-1863). In 1861, he was promoted to the rank of Major. He served in Poland as chairman of the commission on peasant affairs in late 1863. In 1864-1867, Mikhail Ivanovich served as a representative of the Lublin Commission on Peasant Affairs. He also traveled to Japan and China. In 1871, he was seconded to the General Staff for a military survey of the Asian border of Russia. He was a member of the Russian Geographical Society since 1859, and in 1873, he became its secretary and an editor of Izvestiya RGS. In the years 1868-1869, he undertook a round-the-world trip, with particular attention to China and Japan. The first article on volcanism Mikhail Ivanovich published in 1852. Since 1859, he was actively published in the Siberian and metropolitan press (Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti, Severnaya Pchela), as well as in the magazines (Vremya, Vestnik Evropy) and in the Russkiy Invalid newspaper. In the 1870s, he published several dozens of editorials and correspondence in the Golos newspaper and over 200 articles on Russian foreign and domestic policy in Asia in the Russkiy Invalid newspaper. Mikhail Ivanovich was the author of the textbook Physiography (Saint Petersburg, 1865), as well as many works on geography, ethnography, and history, for example, An Essay on Old and New Treaties between Russia and China (Saint Petersburg, 1861, 1863), Russians in Central Asia (together with S.Walikhanov; London, 1865), Travel around the outskirts of Russian Asia and notes about them (Saint Petersburg, 1868), Essays on Japan (Saint Petersburg, 1869), "Overview of the Asian Borders (Saint Petersburg, 1871), Essays of Modern China (Saint Petersburg, 1874), Russia and the East (Saint Petersburg, 1877) and others. Mikhail Ivanovich spent 1874 in Asiatic Turkey, and in 1876 was promoted to the rank of Major-General. In 1877, he filed a petition for resignation from military service and retired as Major-General. During the Russian-Turkish war, he returned to service with the rank of colonel, but, being appointed to the Trans-Caspian military district, he went abroad. In the same year, he left for Paris. Mikhail Ivanovich lived in France, Switzerland, England, and was elected a member of the geographical societies of these countries. He traveled extensively in North Africa, Madagascar, Zanzibar, South and Central America, Norway, and Italy. These trips produced numerous printed works of a geographical and military-geographical nature. His scientific works were published by the French Academy of Sciences. Venyukov's main literary work is From Memories (Amsterdam, 1895-1901.), which included many of his previously published travel essays without censorship. Dry in style, almost without elements of fiction, Venyukov's memoirs cover the period from 1835 to 1884. In his works, he denounced the abuse of power, the greed and slippery of many representatives of the nobility, including members of the royal family, admired the "honorable class of Russian political exiles", reported on the Siberian meetings with the Decembrists, such as I.I. Gorbachevsky and M.A. Bestuzhev, M.V. Petrashevsky, and abroad - with A.I. Herzen and N.P. Ogaryov (1867), P.A. Kropotkin, L.I. Mechnikov and other figures of the Russian emigration. He also described the death of I.S. Turgenev. At the suggestion of Herzen, Venyukov translated Marseillaise and printed it in his printing house. Venyukov bequeathed all his manuscripts, books, and maps to the library of Khabarovsk.

Mikhail Ivanovich Venyukov Edit Profile

also known as K.R.

geographer publicist memoirist

Background

Mikhail Ivanovich Venyukov was born on June 23, 1832, in the village of Nikitino, Pronsky district of Ryazan Gobernorate (now Korablin district of the Ryazan region, Russian Federation), into a poor noble family. He was a son of retired major, participant in the Napoleonic wars, I.A. Venyukov.

Education

At an early age, the boy was brought up by a grandmother, E.P. Kutuzova, who imparted him love for books and versatile knowledge. At the age of 13, Mikhail Ivanovich was accepted into the second grade of the Cadet Corps; in 1850 he graduated with the rank of artillery ensign in the Nobility Regiment. In 1853-1854, Mikhail Ivanovich attended Saint Petersburg University, and then entered the Academy of the General Staff, graduating in 1856.

Career

In early May 1857, lieutenant Mikhail Ivanovich as a senior adjutant arrived at the headquarters of the troops of Eastern Siberia. Governor-General N.N. Muraviev invited Mikhail Ivanovich to go with him to the Amur. He was tasked with urgent work on compiling topographic maps and analyzing military statistics to fully assess the political situation in the Far East with a view to its further settlement. The Governor-General needed this data for a personal report in Petersburg.

In February 1858, Mikhail Ivanovich began to prepare for his first expedition: through Ussuri and the Sikhote-Alin to the ocean. And on June 1, 1858, he and his companions - the military unit commander Peshkov, the translator Maslennikov, the sergeant-officer Karmanov, the orderly and the eleven Cossacks, began their journey from Kazakevichevo, which was located next to the recently founded Khabarovka. The 26-year-old officer walked more than 700 km from the estuary of the Ussuri to the pass through the Sikhote-Alin. Having reached the sea, Mikhail Ivanovich intended to continue his journey to the Vladimir post, but he had to return along his previous route because the Chinese living near the estuary of the Zerkalnaya River (formerly known as Tadushu) had with threats blocked the way of the expedition. During the trip, he wrote an expeditionary report Description of the Ussuri River and the Lands East of It to the Sea. The report gave the physical geography of the newly discovered region, presented the life of its extremely rare population and possible prospects for settlement and development. Personal circumstances forced Mikhail Ivanovich to leave Siberia.

In March 1859, he spoke in Saint Petersburg at the Russian Geographical Society with a report on his trip to Ussuri. The presented information was highly acclaimed by the audience and in particular by the vice-president of the P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky Society.

All his further work was devoted to travel with scientific purposes. In the years 1857-1863, Mikhail Ivanovich traveled to Amur, Ussuri, Transbaikalia, Issyk-Kul, and Tien-Shan (1857-1859), Altai (1859-1861) and the Caucasus (1861-1863). In 1861, he was promoted to the rank of Major. He served in Poland as chairman of the commission on peasant affairs in late 1863. In 1864-1867, Mikhail Ivanovich served as a representative of the Lublin Commission on Peasant Affairs. He also traveled to Japan and China. In 1871, he was seconded to the General Staff for a military survey of the Asian border of Russia. He was a member of the Russian Geographical Society since 1859, and in 1873, he became its secretary and an editor of Izvestiya RGS. In the years 1868-1869, he undertook a round-the-world trip, with particular attention to China and Japan.

The first article on volcanism Mikhail Ivanovich published in 1852. Since 1859, he was actively published in the Siberian and metropolitan press (Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti, Severnaya Pchela), as well as in the magazines (Vremya, Vestnik Evropy) and in the Russkiy Invalid newspaper. In the 1870s, he published several dozens of editorials and correspondence in the Golos newspaper and over 200 articles on Russian foreign and domestic policy in Asia in the Russkiy Invalid newspaper. Mikhail Ivanovich was the author of the textbook Physiography (Saint Petersburg, 1865), as well as many works on geography, ethnography, and history, for example, An Essay on Old and New Treaties between Russia and China (Saint Petersburg, 1861, 1863), Russians in Central Asia (together with S.Walikhanov; London, 1865), Travel around the outskirts of Russian Asia and notes about them (Saint Petersburg, 1868), Essays on Japan (Saint Petersburg, 1869), "Overview of the Asian Borders (Saint Petersburg, 1871), Essays of Modern China (Saint Petersburg, 1874), Russia and the East (Saint Petersburg, 1877) and others.

Mikhail Ivanovich spent 1874 in Asiatic Turkey, and in 1876 was promoted to the rank of Major-General. In 1877, he filed a petition for resignation from military service and retired as Major-General. During the Russian-Turkish war, he returned to service with the rank of colonel, but, being appointed to the Trans-Caspian military district, he went abroad. In the same year, he left for Paris.

Mikhail Ivanovich lived in France, Switzerland, England, and was elected a member of the geographical societies of these countries. He traveled extensively in North Africa, Madagascar, Zanzibar, South and Central America, Norway, and Italy. These trips produced numerous printed works of a geographical and military-geographical nature. His scientific works were published by the French Academy of Sciences.

Venyukov's main literary work is From Memories (Amsterdam, 1895-1901.), which included many of his previously published travel essays without censorship. Dry in style, almost without elements of fiction, Venyukov's memoirs cover the period from 1835 to 1884. In his works, he denounced the abuse of power, the greed and slippery of many representatives of the nobility, including members of the royal family, admired the "honorable class of Russian political exiles", reported on the Siberian meetings with the Decembrists, such as I.I. Gorbachevsky and M.A. Bestuzhev, M.V. Petrashevsky, and abroad - with A.I. Herzen and N.P. Ogaryov (1867), P.A. Kropotkin, L.I. Mechnikov and other figures of the Russian emigration. He also described the death of I.S. Turgenev. At the suggestion of Herzen, Venyukov translated Marseillaise and printed it in his printing house. Venyukov bequeathed all his manuscripts, books, and maps to the library of Khabarovsk.

Achievements

Venyukov's contribution to the study of the Amur Region and Primorye is of great significance. In the Far Eastern State Scientific Library in Khabarovsk and in the library of the Society for the Study of the Amur Region in Vladivostok, readers still use books donated by Venyukov, a scientist whose works are recognized by the whole world.

Works

$\u041F\u043E\u0437\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043A\u0438 \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043B\u0435\u0442 \u041F\u043E\u0437\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043A\u0438 \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043B\u0435\u0442$ $\u041E \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043B \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F \u041E \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043B \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u042F\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F$ $\u041A \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0417\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u041A\u0430\u0432\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u041A \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0417\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u041A\u0430\u0432\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430$ $\u041E \u0432\u044B\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u041E \u0432\u044B\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E$ $\u041E \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u043E-\u0433\u0435\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u041E \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u043E-\u0433\u0435\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430$

book
- Поземельные приобретения и уступки России за последние тридцать лет
  (Russian edition)
- О современном состоянии современных сил и средств Японии и Китая
  (Russian edition)
- К истории заселения Западного Кавказа
  (Russian edition)
- О вырождении рода человеческого
  (Russian edition)
- О физико-географических условиях расселения русского народа
  (Russian edition)

Politics

Without openly adjoining revolutionary groups, Mikhail Ivanovich maintained constant contact with them. His opposition views were expressed in Historical Essays of Russia from the Crimean War to the conclusion of the Berlin Treaty (1878-1880; not completed), where a significant place is given to the "mental and moral development of Russian society" and the social movement of the 1860-1870s.

Membership

Mikhail Ivanovich was a member of the Russian Geographical Society since 1859. Then he lived in France, Switzerland, England, and was elected a member of the geographical societies of these countries.

Russian Geographical Society , Russian Federation

1859
French Geographical Society , France
Swiss Geographical Society , Switzerland
English Geographical Society

Connections

Mikhail Ivanovich was a lonely person, therefore he bequeathed his library and archive to the Khabarovsk Department of the Russian Geographical Society.

Father:: I.A. Venyukov
colleague:: Alexander Herzen

References

Russian writers. 1800-1917. Biographical Dictionary. Volume 1
1989

Main Photo