Background
He was born at Modena on the 4th of April 1804.
He was born at Modena on the 4th of April 1804.
He took part in the Modena insurrection of 1831, and attempted to succour Ancona, but was arrested at sea and taken to Toulon, whence he proceeded to Marseilles.
Afterwards he organized with Mazzini the ill-fated Savoy expedition.
Taking refuge in Spain, he fought against the Carlists.
At the end of the Carlist War he established acentre of conspiracy at Malta, endeavoured to dissuade Mazzini from the Bandiera enterprise, but aided Crispi in organizing the Sicilian revolution of 1848.
Upon the faff of Rome he returned to Malta, accumulating arms and stores which he conveyed to Sicily after having, in 1859, worked with Crispi to prepare the Sicilian revolution of 1860.
Returning to Malta after the Neapolitan plebiscite, which -he had vainly endeavoured to postpone, he was recalled to aid Ciaidini in suppressing brigandage.
While on his way to Sicily in 1862, to induce Garibaldi to give up the Aspromonte enterprise, he was arrested at Naples by Lamarmora. He died in March 1885, two years before the realization of his objective to secure the return of Crispi to power.
He was a member of parliament from 1861 to 1865.
His whole life was characterized by ardent patriotism and unimpeachable integrity.