Education
He studied in Munich, Berlin and Göttingen
He studied in Munich, Berlin and Göttingen
in 1867 became director of the Statistical Bureau of Leipzig. Two years later, he was appointed assistant professor of economics and statistics in the University of Leipzig. In 1874, he was appointed a professor of political economy at the University of Strasbourg, where he remained until to 1918. He was also rector at Strasbourg in the years 1891–92 and 1907–08.