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Theodore was born on July 26, 1790 at South Hadley, Massachussets, United States. He was the second son of a Congregational minister, Joseph Strong, and his wife Sophia, daughter of the Rev. John Woodbridge. He descended from Elder John Strong who in 1630 emigrated from England to Massachusetts.
Prepared for college by his uncle, Col. Benjamin R. Woodbridge, Theodore graduated in 1812 at Yale, where his father and both grandfathers had graduated before him.
He received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Rutgers College in 1835.
After studies Strong was immediately appointed tutor in mathematics at Hamilton College, then just organized, and in 1816 he was there made professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, a post which he held until he accepted a similar position at Rutgers College, New Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1827. Here he remained until he became professor emeritus in 1861.
From 1839 to 1863 he was vice-president of Rutgers. Strong was the author of scores of brief mathematical communications. His first paper, "Demonstrations of Stewart's Properties of the Circle, " was published while he was still an undergraduate, in Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. Other communications appeared in Gill's Mathematical Miscellany, Silliman's American Journal of Science, Runkle's Mathematical Monthly, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.
Of his two books, A Treatise on Elementary and Higher Algebra (1859) and A Treatise on Differential and Integral Calculus (1869), the latter was in the press at the time of his death. Both works possessed many original features, but since these were not always improvements, and the arrangements were defective, the texts were unsuited for the classroom.
In 1863 he was one of the fifty incorporators of the National Academy of Sciences, to which he communicated five papers (1864 - 67).
From the world point of view he made to mathematics no contribution of moment, and he was not in the same class with certain other Americans, such as Nathaniel Bowditch and Benjamin Peirce, but he was a vitalizing force in academic councils and a successful teacher, endowed with "remarkable geniality and unfailing kindness childlike faith and simplicity, and tender bearing" (resolution of the Rutgers Faculty, 1869).
Strong resided in New Brunswick until his death, which took place, February 1, 1869.
Theodore Strong published various mathematical papers in the first series of Silliman's Journal, and an Algebra of high order in 1859. His famous Treatise on the Differential and Integral Calculus was in press at the time of his death. He was one of fifty charter members of the National Academy of Sciences, to which he was formally named in 1863. Strong was also an associate of many other scientific bodies.
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Strong became a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1832 and of the American Philosophical Society in 1844.
On September 23, 1818, he married Lucy Dix, daughter of Captain John Dix of Boston, Massachussets, and by her had two sons and five daughters. One of the daughters became the wife of John W. Ferdon, Congressman from New York, and another became the mother of John C. Van Dyke, long professor of the history of art at Rutgers College.
