Party work in Donbass, Khar’kov and Kiev. After 1917 February Revol instructor, Moscow Union of Metal Workers. After 1917 October Revol military, trade-union and admin work.
1920-1921 during trade-union controversy sided with Trotsky. Thereafter active member ofTrotskyite opposition. Delegation, 9th and 11th Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Congresses.
1929 expelled from Party for alleged anti-Party activities. Arrested by State Security organs.
As long as the public believes in religion, they will not attempt to make any genuine effort to understand and overcome the real source of their suffering.
Communist Party is the leading force of Soviet society, and the nucleus of all state and public organizations.
Communist Party member from 1907.