(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Pamphlets And Reprints; Pamphlets And Reprints; Warren Plimpton Lombard Warren Plimpton Lombard Science; Life Sciences; Anatomy & Physiology; Medical / Neuroscience; Medical / Physiology; Physiology; Science / Life Sciences / Anatomy & Physiology
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(Excerpt from On the Nature of the Knee-Jerk Undoubtedly...)
Excerpt from On the Nature of the Knee-Jerk Undoubtedly the reflex theory offers the simplest and most satis factory explanation of the intimate dependence of the phenomenon upon the spinal cord. Indeed the time argument would have but little weight if those who doubt the reflex =nature of the process were unable to explain this connection. It is worth while, therefore, to consider the soundness of their explanation. As has been said, they assume that the ability of the muscle to respond to the twitch transmitted t0'it from its ligament is dependent on the tension of the muscle, and that this is dependent on tonus impulses coming to it from the spinal cord. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from The Effect of Fatigue on Voluntary Muscular ...)
Excerpt from The Effect of Fatigue on Voluntary Muscular Contractions That the periodic loss and recovery of voluntary control over the muscle is not due to nutritive changes in the muscle itself, is shown by the fact that massage, though strengthen ing the muscle, does not do away with the periodicity. More over, they do not seem to be dependent on variations in the irritability of the nerves, the nerve ends, or the muscle, be cause at a moment when a voluntary contraction is almost impossible, the muscle responds well either to direct electri cal stimulation, or to electrical stimulation of its nerve. Moreover, periodic variations of the force of the contractions are never seen in experiments in which the muscle or its nerve are frequently stimulated with electricity. Further, if a muscle be voluntarily contracted vigorously and frequent ly, until the periodic loss and recovery of force has become well marked, and then the voluntary contractions be replaced for a minute or two by contractions called out by electrical stimulation of the nerve, the periods immediately cease, although they return again as soon as voluntary contractions are resumed. Finally, it is worthy of note, that, in such an experiment, the periods are somewhat less frequent when the voluntary contractions are first resumed than they were just before the electricity was applied. In other words, that, while the nerve and muscle were working in response to the electric stimuli, the mechanism which was the seat of the changes causing the periodic Variations of force had time to partially recover from its fatigue. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from Directions for Laboratory Work in Physiology...)
Excerpt from Directions for Laboratory Work in Physiology: For the Use of Medical Students It is believed that the medical student should as far as is possible, study the physiology of man, and during more than a third of the course, the student, himself, is the subject of the experiment. It is needless to say that the frogs are rapidly killed before being used, and that the mammals employed are thoroughly anaesthetized by the student, under the direction of an instructor. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Warren Plimpton Lombard was born on May 29, 1855 in West Newton, Massachusetts, United States, the older of two children and only son of Israel and Mary Ann (Plimpton) Lombard. His ancestors on both sides were early settlers in New England; his father was a prosperous dry goods manufacturer and merchant.
Lombard attended West Newton and Boston public schools and received his Bachelor of Arts (1878) and Doctor of Medicine (1881) degrees from Harvard.
Lombard went to Europe in 1882, intending to specialize in obstetrics, but instead spent three years (1882 - 1883, 1883 - 1885) in physiological research at Karl Ludwig's laboratory in Leipzig. His work there was primarily a study of spinal reflexes in the frog by means of a "reflex harp, " an ingenious apparatus of his own devising whereby reflex contractions of as many as fifteen muscles of the frog's hind leg could be recorded simultaneously. On his return to the United States Lombard spent a short time in research at Harvard and Johns Hopkins.
His professional career began, however, in New York at Columbia's College of Physicians and Surgeons, where, from 1886 to 1888, he was employed as personal assistant to Doctor John Curtis, professor of physiology. There was no laboratory, but at Lombard's urging Curtis reluctantly consented to let him use an old carpenter shop for the purpose. In it Lombard conducted experiments on the knee jerk--a reflex important in the diagnosis of central and peripheral nerve lesions--which led to four published papers (1887 - 1889) and brought the eminent neurologist S. Weir Mitchell to Columbia to consult with him.
In 1888 Lombard was appointed assistant professor of physiology at Clark University; before beginning his teaching there he spent another year abroad, in Paris and in Turin. In 1892 he resigned from the Clark faculty and two weeks later was called to the University of Michigan as professor of physiology and histology (histology was dropped from the title in 1898), in succession to Prof. William Henry Howell. He retired in 1923.
Lombard was one of the early investigators who brought to the United States the newer methods of experimental physiology current in European laboratories. Besides his well-known study of the knee jerk, he did important research on muscular fatigue, on blood pressure, and on metabolism. In all of these fields he devised new techniques and apparatus. One such was the Lombard balance, an instrument for the measurement of metabolism so delicate that it could record the minute changes of weight incident to fluid loss after each expiration. In 1911, while at the Physiological Institute in Würzburg, Germany, he devised the first successful method for measuring the capillary blood pressure in the skin of man.
In addition to numerous articles published in scientific journals, he was the author of Directions for Laboratory Work in Physiology (1906) and the section on "General Physiology of Muscle and Nerve" in An American Text-Book of Physiology, edited by W. H. Howell (1896). One of the founders of the American Physiological Society (1887) and long active in its affairs, Lombard served on its council for several years and as its president in 1919-1920. Many meticulously accurate and artistic drawings of Lombard's experimental preparations and frog dissections, signed "C. C. L. ," are preserved in the Lombard Library at the University of Michigan.
In 1923 Lombard gave up his work in physiology and turned his chief interest to art. It was at this time that he donated his library to the department of physiology at Michigan; his will provided for its continued support. His death, which occurred at Ann Arbor, was due to mesenteric thrombosis; following cremation, his ashes were buried in Newton, Massachusetts.
Lombard became one of the groups of distinguished teachers and researchers in the basic sciences of medicine who, under the deanship of Dr. Victor C. Vaughan, helped to establish the enviable reputation of the University of Michigan Medical School. He was a frequent contributor to the scientific journals and an author of the few books. He was also known for his researches in the field of knee phenomena as well as his inventions of new scientific devices.
(Excerpt from The Effect of Fatigue on Voluntary Muscular ...)
(Excerpt from Directions for Laboratory Work in Physiology...)
(Excerpt from On the Nature of the Knee-Jerk Undoubtedly...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
He was a Unitarian in religious affiliation.
Lombard was a member of the American Physiological Society and the Michigan State Medical Society. In his home community he was for several years president of the Ann Arbor Red Cross, a member of the Rotary Club, and president of the Ann Arbor Art Association.
Lombard was of short stature, wore a beard, and was an inveterate smoker of expensive cigars. His dignity of manner, gracious poise, and instinctive politeness marked him as a professor of the old school.
Lombard was married on June 21, 1883, to Caroline Cook of New York City. They had no children. Mrs. Lombard contributed immeasurably to making their house in Ann Arbor a center of interesting and gracious entertainment for students, faculty, and visiting dignitaries and took an active interest in her husband's experiments. She died in 1923.
