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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
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William Francis Lynch was born on April 1, 1801, in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. In his Naval Life; or, Observations Afloat and on Shore, published in 1851, which is partly autobiographical, he states that he was early left motherless and that his father was occupied with care of property.
Lynch was appointed as midshipman on January 26, 1819. His first cruise was in the Congress to Brazil, thence to China, and around the world. Next he was in the Shark on the African coast, then for two years under Porter hunting pirates in the West Indies. He was made lieutenant on May 17, 1828, and commander, September 5, 1849.
Following service in the Gulf during the Mexican War, Lynch, who was both an earnest Christian and a lover of adventure, planned the exploring expedition to the River Jordan and the Dead Sea with which his name was afterward chiefly associated. With official support, he left New York in the storeship Supply, and after a steamer trip from Smyrna to Constantinople for a firman from the Porte, finally disembarked, April 1, 1848, at Acre. Thence, with the five officers and nine seamen of his party, he proceeded to the Sea of Galilee, dragging overland his two large metal boats, one of iron and one of copper, for navigation of the Jordan. The trip down river to the Dead Sea he made in eight days, April 10-18, accompanied by a caravan on shore, and encountering very real dangers and hardships from the innumerable rapids and hostile Arab tribes. After three weeks of sounding, sketching, and scientific study, the party returned overland through Palestine, and was back in New York at the close of 1848. Though there had been earlier expeditions, Lynch's was the most successfully executed and most productive of scientific results. His Official Report of the United States Expedition to Explore the Dead Sea and the River Jordan was published by the Naval Observatory in 1852, and his more popular Narrative of the United States Expedition to the River Jordan and the Dead Sea (1849) went through several editions. In 1851 he published his Naval Life, before-mentioned, a curious medley of tales, descriptions, and sea experiences.
In 1853 he was on the west African coast, reconnoitering for another exploring expedition there, which was not carried out. He was promoted to captain, April 2, 1856. When the Civil War came his sympathies were with the South, and he was made captain, first in the Virginia, and later on June 10, 1861 in the Confederate navy. He commanded the Aquia Creek batteries on the Potomac, May 30 and June 1, 1861, during their bombardment by Union gunboats; and thereafter, in charge of North Carolina naval defenses, commanded the nine small gunboats that opposed the Union expedition against Roanoke Island. Hopelessly inferior, his "mosquito flotilla" lost two boats in the action of February 6, 1862, and the next day retreated to Elizabeth City, where on the 10th they were completely destroyed by Northern vessels. Capt. W. H. Parker, who served in this campaign, tells of spending the evening before the Roanoke Island battle talking with Lynch of books and reading.
Lynch was in charge of naval forces around Vicksburg from March to October 1862, and then until September 1864 was in command of ships in North Carolina waters, including the North Carolina and the ironclad Raleigh. The latter crossed the Wilmington bar on May 7, 1864, and drove off the blockaders, but went aground and was irreparably damaged on her return. Lynch also commanded at Smithville, North Carolina, during the attacks on Fort Fisher. He died in Baltimore six months after the war ended.
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Quotes from others about the person
"He was a cultivated man and a most agreeable talker. I never served under a man who showed more regard for the comfort of his officers and men. " - Captain W. H. Parke
Lynch was married to Virginia Shaw, the youngest daughter of Commodore John Shaw. He had two children.
