Background
William Thompson was born on December 29, 1855 at West Hartford, Connecticut, United States. He was the son of William and Anne Louise (Thompson) Barbour Sedgwick and a descendant of Robert Sedgwick.
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biologist epidemiologist teacher
William Thompson was born on December 29, 1855 at West Hartford, Connecticut, United States. He was the son of William and Anne Louise (Thompson) Barbour Sedgwick and a descendant of Robert Sedgwick.
Despite the death of his father when William Thompson Sedgwick was eight years of age, Sedgwick attended the Hartford High School and later the Sheffield Scientific School at New Haven, from which he was graduated in 1877. He then entered the Yale Medical School, but the many deficiencies in the teaching of medicine in those days turned him toward pure science. He took his Ph. D. in 1881.
At the newly established Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Sedgwick came under the influence of a student of Huxley, Henry Newell Martin, with whom he served for two years as associate in biology.
In 1883 Francis Amasa Walker, president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, called Sedgwick, whom he remembered as one of his brilliant students at Yale, to be assistant professor of biology. A year later he became associate professor, and in 1891 was appointed professor. For the next thirty years he was head of the department of biology, or biology and public health as it became in 1911, of the Institute.
During his career as a teacher, Sedgwick trained hundreds of public-health workers, many of whom are numbered among the leading sanitarians in the United States and abroad. He was also active in public service. In 1888 he was named as consulting biologist to the Massachusetts State Board of Health, a connection which he maintained in some form until his death.
When the board was reorganized in 1914 as the State Department of Health he became a member of its Public Health Council. As consulting biologist he conducted many notable investigations on sewage disposal, using the facilities of the Lawrence Experiment Station, which had been established in 1886. In the midst of these studies a severe epidemic of typhoid fever swept down the Merrimac Valley in 1890. Sedgwick and Hiram Francis Mills traced this epidemic to a polluted brook in Chelmsford above the Lowell water supply.
Two years later he investigated another epidemic of typhoid fever at Springfield, Massachussets, and ascertained the cause to be a contaminated milk supply.
In 1902 he published his noteworthy Principles of Sanitary Science and the Public Health, a classic work on this subject. He was also author with E. B. Wilson of General Biology (1886), with Theodore Hough of The Human Mechanism (1906), with H. W. Tyler of A Short History of Science (1917), and he edited the two volumes of the Life and Letters of William Barton Rogers (1896).
He served as chairman of the administrative board of the school for health officers maintained jointly by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University from 1913 to 1922. He was president of numerous scientific societies, including the Society of American Bacteriologists in 1900, the American Society of Naturalists in 1901, and the American Public Health Association in 1914-15. He was a member of the Advisory Board of the Hygienic Laboratory of the United States Public Health Service and of the International Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation.
In 1920 he was exchange professor at the Universities of Leeds and Cambridge in England, where he represented his country as well as his professional interests so admirably that he was called the United States "ambassador of health" (Tobey).
He died suddenly of heart disease in Boston.
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He opposed women’s suffrage and anything that smacked of equality of the sexes.
On December 29 (1881), Sedgwick was married to Mary Katrine Rice of New Haven. They had no children.