Background
He was born at Devonport on the 2nd of February 1845. He was the youngest child of Richard White, a currier, of Devonport, by his wife, Jane, daughter of W. Matthews, of Lostwithiel, Cornwall.
(Lang:- eng, Pages 768. Reprinted in 2013 with the help of...)
Lang:- eng, Pages 768. Reprinted in 2013 with the help of original edition published long back1894. This book is in black & white, Hardcover, sewing binding for longer life with Matt laminated multi-Colour Dust Cover, Printed on high quality Paper, re-sized as per Current standards, professionally processed without changing its contents. As these are old books, there may be some pages which are blur or missing or black spots. If it is multi volume set, then it is only single volume. We expect that you will understand our compulsion in these books. We found this book important for the readers who want to know more about our old treasure so we brought it back to the shelves. (Customisation is possible). Hope you will like it and give your comments and suggestions.Original Title:- A manual of naval architecture for the use of officers of the Royal Navy, officers of the Mercantile Marine, yachtsmen, shipowners, and shipbuilders 1894 Hardcover Author:- White, William Henry, Sir,
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(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.
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(This historic book may have numerous typos and missing te...)
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated.1903 Excerpt: ... At the same time there can be no doubt that, if reasonable cost and suitable dimensions can be secured, aluminium-alloys can be used with great advantage in the parts of ships not contributing in an important degree to the structural strength: such as internal partitions and casings, many fittings, and, above all, in the construction of the towering superstructures which, in modern passenger-steamers, have grown to enormous dimensions, and are carried above the true "strength" deck forming the upper flange of the girder. Large savings of weight are possible in this way; and when made aloft they greatly assist stability. In marine engines also, aluminium-alloys can be advantageously substituted for steel in many parts, especially moving parts. Shipbuilders and engineers will not fail to utilize these advantages if manufacturers can produce suitable materials at acceptable prices. All concerned must see that no possible improvement in the materials of construction is left unutilized. Scientific Procedure In Shipbuilding. So long as the types of ships and the mode of propulsion remained practically unchanged, experience continued to be the chief guide in design and construction, and scientific modes of procedure were not extensively used. The science of naval architecture was well established mainly in consequence of the work of great French writers of the Eighteenth Century, and of the encouragement given to the study of the subject by the French Academy of Sciences. In the days when I enjoyed more leisure than for many years past has fallen to my lot, I made a thorough study of the works of the earlier foreign writers, with great advantage, and with the discovery that in regard to questions of buoyancy, stability, and propulsion by sails, small advance in th...
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(An eloquent plea for naval reform by the leading opponent...)
An eloquent plea for naval reform by the leading opponent of Lord Fisher and the Dreadnought. Sir White's efforts were in vain; their significance lies not just in the historical record, but in the timelessness of arguments against change. The cover photograph is the predreadnought HMS Ocean. From the Introduction: "Besides these statements of facts the writer has expressed his opinions frankly, and quoted from the speeches or writings of others who share his view that changes have been made of late years which must be prejudicial in their influence on the efficiency of the Eoyal Navy and on our supremacy at sea. These opinions, of course, stand on an entirely different footing from the statements of facts on which the plea for inquiry is based; and the writer recognises the right of other persons to criticise his opinions and recommendations, just as he has exercised perfect freedom in his own criticisms of recent changes. All that he claims is to have been a life-long student of naval affairs, to have an intimate knowledge of the Naval Service, and an extensive acquaintance with naval officers. He does not suggest that the authors or advocates of recent changes are influenced by improper motives or lacking in patriotism and good intentions. These gentlemen^ no doubt, ardently desire to increase the efficiency of our 'first line of defence,' and are convinced that the changes they have made will secure that result. On the other hand, the writer and many others who are equally desirous for the continued and increasing efficiency of the Koyal Navy, claim the right of criticism and investigation of recent Admiralty action. It is a matter of common knowledge that widespread anxiety exists amongst naval officers of high rank and great experience in regard to the effect of recent Admiralty action and methods. These officers honestly believe that the changes made involve serious dangers to naval efficiency: the writer shares that belief, and in the following pages gives reasons, based upon admitted facts, for the conclusion that mistakes have been made in matters vitally affecting our naval supremacy."
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He was born at Devonport on the 2nd of February 1845. He was the youngest child of Richard White, a currier, of Devonport, by his wife, Jane, daughter of W. Matthews, of Lostwithiel, Cornwall.
He was educated at a private school at Devonport and apprenticed as a shipwright in the royal dockyard there. In 1864 be took the first place in the scholarship competition at the Royal School of Naval Architecture, which had then just been established by the Admiralty at South Kensington, and in 1867 he gained his diploma as fellow of the school with first-class honours.
At once joining the constructive staff of the Admiralty, he acted as confidential assistant to the chief constructor, Sir Edward Reed, until the lattcr's retirement in 1870.
The loss of the " Captain" in that year was followed by an inquiry into designs for ships of war, and in connexion with this White, together with his old fellow-student, William John, worked out a long series of calculations as to the stability and strength of vessels, the results of which were published in an important paper read in 1871 before the Institution of Naval Architects.
In 1872 White was appointed secretary to the Council of Construction at the Admiralty, in 1875 assistant constructor, and in 1881 chief constructor.
In 1883 White left the Admiralty to become designer and manager to Armstrong & Co. at their warship-yard then being constructed at Elswick-on-Tyne. There he did much good work, assisting in laying out the yard and organizing the staff, and designing and building several of the earlier Elswick vessels.
He left Armstrong's in 1885 when, on Sir Nathaniel Barnaby's retirement, he was appointed director of naval construction. On his return to the Admiralty as the head of the construction department (1885) he made various improvements in each class of vessel, embodying advances made in machinery, gunnery, and quality of materials.
He designed the Barfleur and Centurion, of 11, 000 tons, for service in eastern waters. Step by step he progressed through the eight vessels of the Royal Sovereign class of 1889, and thirty-five additional battleships, to the King Edward VII class, the building of which began in 1902.
This class was of 16, 500 tons, with an armament of four 12-inch guns, four 9. 2-inch guns, and ten 6-inch guns, and a speed of 18½ knots. The cost had risen from £650, 000 in the Collingwood to £1, 500, 000 in the King Edward VII.
Several of these vessels were employed in service during the European War. Much improvement was made in the large cruisers.
In the protected class (without side armour) these ranged from the Crescent of 7, 700 tons and a speed of 19½ knots to the Powerful and Terrible of 14, 200 tons and a speed of 22 knots. In all, twenty ‘protected’ cruisers were built for the royal navy to White's designs. Owing to improvements in the quality of armour the next design for large cruisers—that for the six vessels of the Cressy class—provided for 6-inch side armour, 12, 000 tons displacement, and a speed of 21½ knots.
A bigger design was that for the four vessels of the Drake class of 14, 100 tons and a speed of 23½ knots. Twenty-eight large armoured cruisers were built to White's designs. Many smaller cruisers, torpedo boat destroyers, and miscellaneous vessels, were designed by White and built for the royal navy, but space is not available for their description. In 1902 White retired on account of ill-health.
During his seventeen years' service as director of naval construction larger additions were made to the navy than in any preceding period of the same length.
In the early days (1870–1873) of his career White was appointed lecturer on naval design at the royal school, South Kensington, and he continued (until 1881) to act in this capacity on the transfer of the school to the Royal Naval College at Greenwich.
While there he formulated a scheme of instruction in naval architecture for the executive officers of the royal navy which has been continued to the present time. In association with Sir Nathaniel Barnaby, Admiral Sir Houston Stewart, and Sir Thomas Brassey (afterwards Earl Brassey) he devised the organization of the royal corps of naval constructors, dating from 1883. During his year of office as master of the Worshipful Company of Shipwrights, he, with the assistance of the first Lord Norton, founded the educational trust fund, which during the past forty years has helped hundreds of young naval architects to obtain a technical education.
He was for some years on the governing body of the National Physical Laboratory, during which time he took much interest in the installation of the William Froude tank. He had considerable literary ability: his Manual of Naval Architecture (first edition, 1877) is a model of clear, popular exposition of a difficult subject; it is enriched by many data that reached the Admiralty during his period of service, especially results of original scientific investigations obtained by William Froude.
He contributed twenty papers, all of great merit, to the Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects. He also wrote many important articles for leading magazines, and several pamphlets on special subjects connected with naval architecture.
He died suddenly in London 27 February 1913, leaving behind him a brilliant record of work and an example to the corps which he did much to inaugurate. During his lifetime the "wooden walls of old England", wooden ships carrying what are now regarded as feeble armaments, were replaced by iron and steel armoured vessels carrying guns of very great power.
He was professor of naval architecture at the Royal School from 1870 to 1873, and when in the latter year it was moved to Greenwich to be merged in the Royal Naval College, he reorganized the course of instruction and acted as professor for eight years more.
The lectures he gave in that capacity were the foundation of his Manual of Naval Architecture, which has been translated into several foreign languages and is recognized as a standard text-book all over the world. Sir William White, who was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society in 1888, also read many professional papers before various learned and engineering societies. He was created K. C. B. in 1895.
He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1900.
Many honours were awarded White, among them his appointment in 1885 as assistant controller of the navy; He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Third Class, or Companion, of the Civil Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (C. B. ) on 13 March, 1891, and an Ordinary Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, of the Civil Division of the Order of the Bath (K. C. B. ) on 8 January, 1895.
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
(This work has been selected by scholars as being cultural...)
(An eloquent plea for naval reform by the leading opponent...)
(This historic book may have numerous typos and missing te...)
(Lang:- eng, Pages 768. Reprinted in 2013 with the help of...)
White was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1888.
He was of genial personality, much liked by his fellows, a ready debater, lucid in his statements and convincing to his opponents. He was a welcome guest at the dinners of many City companies, at which he frequently exercised his influence to obtain donations for assistance in educational matters.
White, who left three sons and one daughter, was twice married: first, in 1875 to Alice (died 1886), daughter of F. Martin, of Pembroke, chief constructor; and secondly, in 1890 to Annie (who survived him), daughter of F. C. Marshall, J. P. , of Tynemouth.
