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Andrew Sloan Draper was an American politician. However, the educator in him conquered the politician and he achieved a lot in this sphere.
Background
Andrew Sloan Draper was born on June 21 at Westford, New York, United States. He was the son of Sylvester Bigelow and Jane (Sloan) Draper. His father was descended from James Draper, a Puritan who settled at Roxbury, Massachusetts, about 1649, and his mother from a Scotch-Irish family which came to the United States from the north of Ireland in 1812.
Education
Andrew was educated in the Albany public schools, was graduated from the Albany Academy in 1866, and from the Albany Law School in 1871. From 1866 to 1870, while he was reading and studying law, he taught at the Albany Academy and at a private school at Westford, and was the principal of a grade school at East Worcester.
Career
Until 1887 Draper practised law in Albany in the firm of Draper & Chester. He was a member of the board of education of Albany from 1879 to 1881; in the latter year he became a member of the state legislature, and from then on he was active in New York Republican circles. In 1884 President Arthur appointed him a member of the court of commissioners on the Alabama claims.
From 1882 to 1886 he had been a member of the board of the New York State Normal School.
In the latter year he was elected state superintendent of public instruction, in spite of opposition by the educational leaders of the state.
The latter felt, and had no hesitation in declaring, that he was primarily a politician and only secondarily an educator.
His new office was one given by a partisan legislature to one of its partisans, and in 1892 when the legislature became Democratic he lost it.
In those six years, however, the educator in him conquered the politician.
His skill as the latter enabling him to get bills through the legislature, he obtained for education increased appropriations, more equitable distribution of the school taxes, a first progressive step for more security and regularity for teachers in their contracts and salaries, licenses for teachers issued by the state on the basis of uniform examinations, and the removal —to a considerable extent — of the appointments of teachers from politics.
His former opponents supported him for reflection as superintendent in 1892, but to no avail.
He announced the resumption of his law practise, but so well known had he become as a school administrator that he was called to Cleveland, Ohio, as superintendent of schools.
For two years he remained there and put new life into the school system of that city.
In 1894 he accepted the presidency of the University of Illinois.
The skill which he had acquired in Albany in handling legislators came to his assistance so that appropriations scarcely to be hoped for were forthcoming for buildings and educational improvements.
In 1904 the double-headed system of education in New York State was so consolidated as to put the whole educational system of the state under the Board of Regents.
To the new office of commissioner of education the legislature elected him, and after six years — in 1910 — the Regents continued him in office during good behavior. Upon bases which he laid, the present organization of the New York State Department of Education is largely founded.
President Roosevelt appointed him a member of the United States Board of Indian Commissioners in 1902, and he later became its chairman.
His educational writings are mainly in the form of magazine articles and addresses.
These were collected in five volumes, published between 1904 and 1912.
He published a book on the Spanish- American War entitled The Rescue of Cuba, and another entitled American Education (1909), comprising his more notable addresses.
Achievements
Draper served as president of the University of Illinois.
He was given the silver medal of the Paris Exposition in 1900 for his monograph, Educational Organisation and Administration in the United States (1900), and received several medals and awards at the St. Louis International Exposition in 1904 for his writings and conspicuous services in the field of education.