Background
Masayuki Sanada was born the third son of Sanada Yukitaka in 1547, but the exact date is unknown. His childhood name was Gengoro.
His father assumed the name of Sanada when he settled in Sanada, Shinano Province. At birth, he had no right to succeed his father because of his two older brothers, Nobutsuna and Masateru.
Career
Masayuki, the third son, became head of the family. After the Takedas were destroyed in 1582, Masayuki served Ieyasu Tokugawa and was made Lord of Ueda Castle in Shinano.
In 1585, Ieyasu ordered Masayuki to cede Numata, Kozuke Province (Gumma Prefecture), which was his original territory, to Ujinao Hojo. Masayuki disobeyed and changed to the side of Hideyoshi Toyotomi. Later Masayuki went to Sumpu (Shizuoka City) and apologized to Ieyasu for his disobedience. They were reconciled through the intervention of Hideyoshi. In 1589, both Hideyoshi and Ieyasu ordered Masayuki to give Numata to Ujinao. Masayuki this time was forced to do so. Afterward, Ujinao's uncle, Ujikuni Hojo, head of Hachigata Castle in Musashi Province near Edo, took Masayuki's Nagurumi Castle in Kozuke. Masayuki thereupon appealed to Hideyoshi and this led to Hideyoshi's Odawara campaign against the Hojos.
After the Hojos were defeated, Masayuki recovered Numata and made his eldest son, Nobuyuki, its lord. Masayuki, still resentful toward the Tokugawas, sided with Mitsunari Ishid.a of the Toyotomi camp in the Sekigahara Battle (1600), and blocked the march to Sekigahara of the forces of Hidetada Tokugawa at Ueda. After the Tokugawas emerged victorious from the Sekigahara Battle, Masayuki was punished lightly with exile to Mt. Kudo (Wakayama Prefecture), thanks to the plea by his eldest son, Nobuyuki, who had belonged to the Tokugawa camp. Masayuki died in exile.