Background
Thomas Loraine McKenney was born on 21 March 1785, in Hopewell, Somerset County, Maryland.
(Excerpt from The Indian Tribes of North America, Vol. 2: ...)
Excerpt from The Indian Tribes of North America, Vol. 2: With Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs When the slaughter ceases, the hunters retrace their steps to gather the spoil, and the women rush to the field to cut up and carry away the game. Each hunter now claims his own, and the mode of ascertaining their respective shares is simple. The arrows of each hunter bear a dis tinctive mark, and each carries an equal number. The carcass, therefore, belongs to him by whose arrow it is found to be transfixed and these being carefully withdrawn, every hunter is obliged to produce his original number, or to account for the loss of such as are missing, in default of which he suffers the discredit of having missed the object, or permitted a wounded buffalo to escape with a weapon in his flesh. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from Reply to Kosciusko Armstrong's Assault Upon ...)
Excerpt from Reply to Kosciusko Armstrong's Assault Upon Col. McKenney's Narrative of the Causes That Led to General Armstrong's Resignation of the Office of Secretary of War in 1814 I accordingly called on General Armstrong, and urged the importance of the rifles being furnished. He promptly replied, saying that 'those rifles were intended, and were about to be sent to the northern army, and. Could not be spared;' remarking, further, that we could repair our old rifles, and that they would answer every pur pose.' I left him with indignation. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from History of the Indian Tribes of North Americ...)
Excerpt from History of the Indian Tribes of North America, Vol. 1 of 2: With Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs; Embellished With One Hundred Portraits From the Indian Gallery in the War Department at Washington Congress of the Confederation enacted a law for granting licences and regulating trade among the Indians; but it was not until ten years later that the United States entered into regular trade relations with the various tribes by establishing factories, or trading posts on the frontier, and providing for the appointment of a Super intendent of Indian Trade. It was to this office that mckenney was called by President Madison in 1816, and to which he was reappointed by President Monroe in 1820. The position was one of trust and of great responsibility, involving the expenditure of large sums of money for purposes of trade as well as in the distribution of annuities. Goods were purchased in open market in the several cities and shipped to the frontier posts, where they were traded to the Indians, without expectation of profit to the Government, for furs and peltries; these in turn were shipped to the commercial centres and sold. This trade was conducted under mckenney's Superin tendency for six years; but the large private fur companies meanwhile steadily increased their own trade by the introduction of spirituous liquors, until finally, by Act of Congress of May 6, 1822, the Government trade was brought to an end, and George Graham was appointed to close the affairs of the Superintendency. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Thomas Loraine McKenney was born on 21 March 1785, in Hopewell, Somerset County, Maryland.
McKenney attended school at Chestertown, Maryland, and, after preliminary experience in his father's counting-house, opened stores in Georgetown and in Washington, D. C.
During the War of 1812, McKenney was adjutant and aide with militia and volunteer companies. His first government appointment, made by President Madison in April 1816, was as superintendent of the Indian trade. He continued in this office until that attempt at federal control of the Indian trade was abolished in 1822, largely owing to the opposition of private fur-traders, merchants, and manufacturers who had not profited by the administration. Charges of favoritism and abuse of trust were brought against him at the same time, particularly by Thomas H. Benton, and, although he considered himself triumphant in the congressional investigation, nevertheless, contemporary slanders were long in dying out, and he appears to have been indiscreet in permitting his notes to be indorsed by John Cox, a merchant from whom he bought large quantities of goods, as well as in persuading the Columbian College to take over his own notes to the amount of $11, 958. On August 7, 1822, he began the publication of a semi-weekly newspaper, the Washington Republican and Congressional Examiner, devoted to the interests of John C. Calhoun. After some months of bitter attack he gave up the editorship on May 31, 1823. Disappointed in his desire to be appointed first assistant postmaster-general, he was, on March 11, 1824, given charge of the newly organized bureau of Indian affairs under the War Department. As joint commissioner with Lewis Cass, he negotiated the treaty of August 11, 1827, at Butte des Morts on the Fox River with the Chippewa, Menominee, and Winnebago. His Sketches of a Tour to the Lakes (1827) described this expedition. Continuing down the Mississippi on a second expedition, he helped to influence the Chickasaw and Creeks to agree to migrate west of the Mississippi, and he negotiated the agreement of November 15, 1827, with the Creek Indians. Besides other controversial writings he published Essays on the Spirit of Jacksonism as Exemplified in its Deadly Hostility to the Bank of the United States (1835), and with James Hall, a History of the Indian Tribes of North America, with Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs (1836 - 44), three folio volumes chiefly valuable for the 120 portraits, in color, from the Indian gallery in the War Department. He died from typhoid fever in New York City.
(Excerpt from History of the Indian Tribes of North Americ...)
(Excerpt from Reply to Kosciusko Armstrong's Assault Upon ...)
(Excerpt from The Indian Tribes of North America, Vol. 2: ...)
McKenney was an advocate of the American Indian "civilization" program and became an avid promoter of Indian removal west of the Mississippi River. President Andrew Jackson dismissed McKenney from his position in 1830, in disagreement with McKenney's opinion that "the Indian was, in his intellectual and moral structure, our equal. "
Although his Memoirs, Official and Personal (post) are lavish in defense of his own motives and actions and although all of his reports express his philanthropic interest in the Indian, he seems rather to have been a man hard pressed financially, holding desperately to his jobs, promising impossible things from the languishing Indian trade, constantly prating of Indian betterment, yet siding eagerly with politicians in their argument of state rights and in their desire to move the natives westward.