From 1908 member, Socialist-Revol Party. Helped found Leftist Socialist-Revol Party (Internationalists). Member, Central Committee, Leftist Socialist-Revol Party.
After 1917 October Revol Presidium member, AU-Russian Central Executive Committee of 5th and 6th convocation. Director, Petrograd News Agency. Helped edit newspaper “Isvestiya”.
1919-1921 managed Centr Agency for Distribution of Press, All-Russian Central Executive Committee. 1919 attended 8th All-Russian Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Conference. From 1921 director, Ural State Publ House.
1926-1930chm, bd, “Mezhrabpomfil’m” Film Studios. 1930-1938 director, State Fine Arts Publ House and Art Publ House. Arrested by State Security organs.
The hierarchical structure of most religions is anti-democratic, and thus offends basic human rights.
Communist Party is the leading force of Soviet society, and the nucleus of all state and public organizations.
Communist Party member from 1918.